This term is Arabic for “social solidarity,” with an emphasis on group consciousness, cohesiveness, and unity. Familiar in the pre-Islamic era, the term was popularized by Ibn Khaldun in his magnum opus, The Muqaddimah. Khaldun saw asabiyah as especially strong among nomads with shared blood relations, though neither are a prerequisite for its existence in a social group. In the modern period, the term is analogous to nationalism.